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طبعا عارفين ان أى chemical reaction فى الدنيا له rate
و الـ rate بيكون عبارة عن : change in conc. Of the reactants (or product) in certain time.
aA + bB <---> cC + dD
so, Rate= change in conc. In mole\ change in time
= dx\dt (differential not delta)
= ^ [ pdt]\^t = - ^ [reactant]\^t ( ^ delta)
Types of Rn. Rate :
1 – Average Rate : rate () 2 diff. times
And det. From ! slope.
2 – Instantaneous Rate : rate @ certain time.
( @ ! certain point draw ! tangent, then calc. ! rate)
3 – Initial Rate: rate @ time = 0.
4 reactants only ( as there is no pdts)
*N.B:
- Molecularity: no. of molecules participate n ! Rn. , there are 3 types :
1 – Unimolecular : H2O2--> H2O + ½ O2
2 – Bimolecular : CO + NO2--> CO2 + NO
2O3 --> 3O2
3 – Termolecular : 2NO2 + F2 --> 2NO2F
3C2H2 -->C6H6
- Rn. Mech. : usually include multi steps, 1 of them is very slow & called “ Rate det. Step”
- Order of Rn. : molecularity of rate det. Step.
It depends on ! Rn. Mech. & det. Only by experiment.
It is ! sum of ! orders of ! reactants.
- R= K[A]~a[B]~b
Where K= rate const.
Rate const. only depends on temp.
While rate of ! Rn. Depends on :
1 – Nature of ! reactants. (no. of molecules , ph. State, ….)
2 – conc. Of ! reactants . ( as ! conc. ^ ,! Rn. Rate ^)
3 – Temp. (as ^ , R ^)
4 – Order. ( ctrl how ! reactant conc. Affact ! rate)
5 – catalyst .( ^ R)
و كفاية كدا ... ياللا إفراج :)
